![]() ![]() ![]() NMDA receptor subunit diversity: impact on receptor properties, synaptic plasticity and disease. A developmental change in NMDA receptor-associated proteins at hippocampal synapses. Patterned activity, synaptic convergence, and the NMDA receptor in developing visual pathways. The essential role of hippocampal CA1 NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity in spatial memory. Selective impairment of learning and blockade of long-term potentiation by an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, AP5. TrkB signaling pathways in LTP and learning. Using the context preexposure facilitation effect to study long-term context memory in preweanling, juvenile, adolescent, and adult rats. Evidence for hippocampus-dependent contextual learning at postnatal day 17 in the rat. Functional emergence of the hippocampus in context fear learning in infant rats. Glucocorticoid receptors recruit the CaMKIIα-BDNF-CREB pathways to mediate memory consolidation. ![]() Recognition memory and the medial temporal lobe: a new perspective. Ontogeny of contextual fear conditioning in rats: implications for consolidation, infantile amnesia, and hippocampal system function. ![]() Retention and extinction of learned fear in infant and adult rats. Alleviated forgetting of a learned contingency in 8-week-old infants. Effect of arousal conditions during reinstatement treatment upon learned fear in young rats. Analysis of a reactivation treatment: ontogenetic determinants of alleviated forgetting. Recovery of fear memories in rats: role of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) in infantile amnesia. The elusive engram: what can infantile amnesia tell us about memory? Trends Neurosci. Hippocampal neurogenesis regulates forgetting during adulthood and infancy. Neural plasticity in human development: the role of early experience in sculpting memory systems. in Oxford Handbook of Developmental Behavioral Neuroscience (eds. Development of the hippocampal memory system: creating networks and modifiable synapses. The role of childhood trauma in the neurobiology of mood and anxiety disorders: preclinical and clinical studies. Infant memory development: implications for childhood amnesia. These data suggest that the hippocampus undergoes a developmental critical period to become functionally competent.Ĭampbell, B.A. Thus, early episodic memories are not lost but remain stored long term. Activating BDNF or mGluR5 after training rescues the infantile amnesia. The formation and storage of this latent memory requires the hippocampus, follows a sharp temporal boundary and occurs through mechanisms typical of developmental critical periods, including the expression switch of the NMDA receptor subunits from 2B to 2A, which is dependent on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5). Here we show that in rats an experience learned during the infantile amnesia period is stored as a latent memory trace for a long time indeed, a later reminder reinstates a robust, context-specific and long-lasting memory. In spite of this memory loss, early experiences influence adult behavior, raising the question of which mechanisms underlie infantile memories and amnesia. Episodic memories formed during the first postnatal period are rapidly forgotten, a phenomenon known as 'infantile amnesia'. ![]()
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